1.Capital productivity OS = Revenues from sales / Average value of fixed assets.
Capital productivity shows how many rubles of revenue (income from OSN. activities) the company has received from each invested in fixed assets; characterizes the business activity of the company and the efficiency of use of the OS in the analyzed period.
Capital productivity depends, on the one hand, from composition, structure, quality, rates of change and efficient use of fixed assets, on the other hand, from the rate of growth of output. Practice shows, the lower the cost of fixed assets, less depreciation, and the greater the share of their active part, the higher the return on assets.
2.Capital intensity = the Average annual value of fixed assets / Proceeds from the sale of products.
Capital ratio — the inverse measure of capital productivity, which characterizes how much of the OS was invested rubles for each ruble of revenue.
In different sectors of the economy the indicators of return on assets and fondamenti uneven. They are influenced by features of the economy industry, of technology and organization, the composition and structure of fixed assets, rate of development, changes in the cost of reproduction of the unit of power. So, in heavy industry, capital productivity is lower than in light.
3.Savings relative OS = MS/year St th OS in the re period (SR/year St th OS databases. period * (revenue TSS lane / revenue bases. TRANS.))
If negative value – saving the OS as a result of their conditional release, as a result of growth of capital productivity, i.e. the more efficient their use in the re. period compared with baseline.
If the value is positive – the overrun of the OS as a result of lower capital productivity, i.e., reduction of efficiency of their use.
4 Rent OS = Profit before tax / Average annual value of fixed assets.
5.OS net profitability = Net retained profit / Average annual value of fixed assets.
Shows how many rubles (%) of relevant profits, the company has received from each ruble invested in the OS.
The problem of increase of efficiency of use of the basic production assets has two main aspects: first, is the acceleration of renewal of fixed assets, which is intended to ensure the technical progress and a significant increase in labour productivity and capital productivity; second is to improve the use of existing fixed assets.
The assessment of efficiency of use of circulating assets:
1)the turnover Ratio is determined by dividing the volume of sales in wholesale prices in the average balance of working capital at the enterprise: Ro = RP / CO, where Ko - turnover ratio working capital turnover; RP - the volume of sold products, RUR.
The turnover ratio characterizes the number of turnovers committed working capital for a certain period (year, quarter). The increase in speed leads either to growth of output per 1 ruble of current assets, or to the fact that this same volume of product required to spend a smaller amount of working capital.
2)the load Factor of current assets, inverse turnover ratio, characterizes the amount of working capital spent on 1 RUB of sold goods: KZ = WITH / RP Where KZ - factor of loading of circulating assets.
3) the Duration of one turnover in days is by dividing the number of days in the period on a turnover rate To: T= D / When D is the number of days in the period (360, 90).
4) Financial and operational requirements of the organization represents the difference between current liabilities and current assets of the company. Excess working capital, unproductive use of them to receive speculative income (securities, Bank deposits)
Methods: FEP = stocks of raw materials stocks of finished goods and goods – accounts payable to suppliers.
FEP = current assets – cash – accounts payable to suppliers for the delivered commodity-material values.
5)mobile capital working capital = current assets – long-term receivables
The smaller the length of the turnover of working capital or more number of turnovers committed by them in the same volume of sold products, the less working capital, and the faster working capital cycle commit, the more effectively they are used.
Under the turnover of working capital refers to the duration of one complete circulation of money since the conversion of current assets into cash in production inventory and to the output of finished products and its implementation.
The efficiency of working capital depends on many factors, which can be divided into external influence, regardless of the interests of the company, and internal, by which the company can and should actively influence.
The external factors include: the Scope of activities. Inflation. Market conditions. Competition, conditions of cooperation with counterparties. The decline in access to Bank loans due to high Bank interest rates etc. These and other factors determine the framework within which the company can manipulate the internal factors of the rational movement of working capital.
In this case, in accordance with the stages of circulation of working capital it is possible to allocate three groups of factors influencing their turnover:
-At the stage of creating of inventory – the establishment of progressive norms of consumption of raw materials, fuel, energy; complex mechanization and automation of loading and unloading in warehouses; systematic verification of the status of inventory; replacement of expensive types of material resources cheaper without compromising quality, etc.
-At the stage of work in progress – introduction of advanced equipment and technology, robotic systems, rotary lines; the use of cheaper structural materials; improving the system of economic incentives for efficient use of raw materials, fuel and energy resources; increasing the share of products that are in high demand; ensure smooth operation, etc.
-On the stage of treatment – improvement of system of calculations; increase in sales due to improved marketing efforts by direct communication; shipment of products in strict accordance with the concluded agreements.
The acceleration of turnover of working capital frees up a significant amount and thus increase production without additional financial resources, and the released funds used in accordance with the needs of the enterprise.