Impact monitoring provides the monitoring in particularly hazardous areas and areas immediately adjacent to sources of contaminants.
Baseline monitoring — monitoring the condition of natural systems, which are practically not subject to regional anthropogenic impact. For basic monitoring use remote from the industrial regions of areas, including biosphere reserves.
For monitoring qualitatively and quantitatively characterizes the state of air, surface water, climate, properties of soil, condition of vegetation and fauna.
Methods of monitoring the condition of the soil. The soil cover accumulates information about the events and previous processes. The main parameters are: acidity, loss of humus, salinization, pollution with oil products.
Methods of monitoring the condition of the water. The main standard methods of monitoring the water conditions are determination of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).
Chemical oxygen demand is a measure of the total content in the polluted water of organic and inorganic reducing agents reacts with strong oxidizing agents.
Biochemical oxygen demand is the amount of oxygen required for the oxidation in water of organic substances in aerobic conditions, occurring in polluted water biological processes.
In the analysis of wastewater composition used multi-component methods of analysis that allow us to determine a broad range of chemicals. These include atomic emission, x-ray and chromatographic methods.
Methods of monitoring the state of the atmosphere. For the analysis of impurities contained in the atmosphere used devices called gas analysis meters. The analyzers allow us to obtain continuous time characteristics of air pollution and identify the maximum concentration of impurities that can't be fixed with periodic sampling of air.
All of these systems and the methods of environmental monitoring are used for accumulation and analysis of information on the state of the natural environment. Data obtained by these methods are used to model processes in the environment, making scientific predictions. On the basis of scientific forecasts produced practical recommendations for improving protection of nature.