The atmosphere

The atmosphere is one of the necessary conditions for the emergence and existence of life on Earth, it participates in the formation of the climate on the planet, regulates its thermal regime, and contributes to the redistribution of heat at the surface. The atmosphere absorbs part of the radiant energy of the Sun, the rest of the energy, reaching The earth's surface, partially goes into the soil, reservoirs, and partially reflected back into the atmosphere. Of the total amount of solar energy, the atmosphere reflects 35%, absorbs 19% and passes 46% to the Earth.

The atmosphere protects the Earth from sudden fluctuations in temperature — in the absence of an atmosphere and reservoirs, the temperature of the Earth's surface during the day would fluctuate in the range of 200cc. Due to the presence of oxygen, the atmosphere participates in the exchange and circulation of substances in the biosphere.

In the current state of the atmosphere, there are hundreds of millions of years, all life is adapted to a strictly defined composition. The gas envelope protects living organisms from harmful ultraviolet, x-ray and cosmic rays. The atmosphere protects the Earth from falling meteorites. The sun's rays are distributed and dispersed in the atmosphere, which creates uniform illumination; it is the environment where sound is distributed. Due to the action of gravitational forces, the atmosphere does not dissipate in world space, but surrounds the earth and rotates with It.

The main (by weight) component of the air is nitrogen, in the lower layers of the atmosphere its content is 78.09%. In the gaseous state, nitrogen is inert, and in compounds in the form of nitrates, it plays an important role in biological metabolism.